Obligation And Prohibition.pdf

Click Here ===== www.google.com/url?q=https%3A%2F%2Fbyltly.com%2F2twQJj&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AOvVaw2pwynXktOD2zi1KuqVpzrW

How to Use Modal Verbs to Express Obligation and Prohibition Modal verbs are verbs that can modify the meaning of other verbs. They can be used to express different degrees of possibility, ability, permission, obligation, and prohibition. In this article, we will focus on how to use modal verbs to talk about obligation and prohibition. Obligation means that something is necessary or required. Prohibition means that something is not allowed or forbidden. We can use different modal verbs to show different levels of obligation and prohibition, depending on the context and the speaker's intention. Obligation The most common modal verbs to express obligation are must and have to. They both mean that something is necessary or very important, but there is a slight difference between them.

Must shows that the obligation comes from the speaker or the authority that wrote the sentence. It often expresses a personal opinion, a rule, or a law. For example:

I must phone my dad. It's his birthday today. (personal opinion) You must hand in your homework on Tuesday or you will lose ten per cent of your mark. (rule) Seat belts must be worn by all passengers. (law)

Have to shows that the obligation comes from outside the speaker. It often expresses a fact, a situation, or someone else's opinion. For example:

We have to wear a uniform when we're working in reception. (fact) Al has to work tomorrow so he can't come. (situation) You have to have a licence to drive a car. (someone else's opinion)

We can use must and have to to talk about the present or the future. For example:

You must/have to study hard for the exam. (present) I must/have to get up early tomorrow. (future)

We cannot use must to talk about the past. We use had to instead. For example:

I had to take a taxi because the bus was late. (past) You had to be at the airport by 10 o'clock. (past)

Prohibition The most common modal verbs to express prohibition are must not/mustn't and can not/can't. They both mean that something is not allowed or forbidden, but there is a slight difference between them.

Must not/mustn't shows that the prohibition comes from the speaker or the authority that wrote the sentence. It often expresses a rule, a law, or an advice. For example:

You must not/mustn't be late to class. (rule) Policemen must not/mustn't drink on duty. (law) You must not/mustn't worry about me. I'll be fine. (advice)

Cannot/can't shows that the prohibition comes from outside the speaker. It often expresses a fact, a situation, or someone else's opinion. For example:

You cannnot/can't park here. There is a sign that says "No Parking". (fact) I cannnot/can't go out tonight. I have too much work to do. (situation) You cannnot/can't e2b6ddb00d